a flight instructor demonstrates their coaching ability by

The human mind rarely retains, evaluates, and applies new concepts or practices after a single exposure. Similarly, the instructor can prepare the prediscussion assignment more effectively while conducting research for the classroom period. The controller directed the pilot to the Columbus Metropolitan Airport, Columbus, Georgia. Use of these questions and projects as part of the syllabus helps an instructor ensure that all subject areas for a particular class have been covered, There are many ways to incorporate design features in training materials in order to facilitate regulatory compliance, required endorsements, and recordkeeping. Generally, the syllabus contains a description of each lesson, including objectives and completion standards. The following code describes the concept of an aviation citizen. This is necessary because it is very important that each student perform the maneuver or operation the right way the first few times to establish a good habit. [Figure 4-19], A more advanced application of computer-based training may involve less instructor control. The group task may emphasize academic achievement, cognitive abilities, or physical skills, but the instructor must use clear and specific learning objectives to describe the knowledge and/or abilities the students are to acquire and then demonstrate on their own. These steps contribute to a positive learning environment, Another management skill that enhances the effectiveness of aviation instructors is supervision of the students. Although lecture and demonstration-performance may be the methods used most often, being aware of other methods and teaching tools such as guided discussion, cooperative learning, and computerassisted learning better prepares an instructor for a wide variety of teaching situations, Obviously, the aviation instructor is the key to effective teaching. For example, a program may indicate, "That was incorrect. The first of these phases is the students performance of the physical or mental skills that have been explained and demonstrated. Injuries: one serious, one minor, one uninjured", The flight instructor has the student analyze the information and suggest possible reasons for the accident. (See Appendix F.) There are many definitions for PBL, but for the purposes of this handbook, it is defined as the type of learning environment in which lessons are structured in such a way as to confront students with problems encountered in real life that force them to reach real world solutions, PBL starts with a carefully constructed problem to which there is no single solution. Defining a "good instructor" has proven more elusive, but in The Essence of Good Teaching (1985), psychologist Stanford C. Ericksen wrote "good teachers select and organize worthwhile course material, lead students to encode and integrate this material in memorable form, ensure competence in the procedures and methods of a discipline, sustain intellectual curiosity, and promote how to learn independently", Much research has been devoted to trying to discover what makes a "good" or effective instructor. With advanced tracking features, CAL also can be used to test the students achievement, compare the results with past performance, and indicate the students weak or strong areas, For most aviation training, the computer should be thought of as a valuable instructional aidand entrusting an entire aviation training program to a computer is not practical. Finally, lectures may be combined with other teaching methods to give added meaning and direction, The lecture method of teaching needs to be very flexible since it may be used in different ways. Rather, flight maneuvers are integrated into the flight training scenarios and conducted as they would occur in the real world. These slide shows can be only bulleted information or incorporate animation and video clips. This results in considerable one-on-one instructor-student interaction. Instead, instructors become supportive facilitators. An instructor can most effectively maintain a high level of student motivation by. Take The Exams. Throughout the time the instructor prepares the students for their discussion, they should be made aware of the lesson objective(s). The aids should be concentrated on the key points. Since each teaching situation is unique, the setting and purpose of the lesson determines which teaching method is used, Todays instructor can choose from a wealth of ways to present instructional material: lecture, discussion, guided discussion, problem based, group learning, demonstrationperformance, or e-learning. In these examples, the student leader or the instructor serves as a coach or facilitator who interacts with the group, as necessary, to keep it on track or to encourage everyone in the group to participate, Best used for the mastery of mental or physical skills that require practice, the demonstration-performance method is based on the principle that people "learn by doing." End users of the aircraft, such as the major airlines, can purchase the training materials with the aircraft in order to accomplish both initial and recurrent training of their personnel. 1 shows the conceptual model of an instructor's work during an SBT session, following the design of our simulator concept. It is important for the instructor to understand in advance which outcomes are positive and/or negative and give the student freedom to make both good and poor decisions without jeopardizing safety. The instructor also can write on a blank transparency as the lesson progresses, much like a chalk or marker board. The following practices are fundamental in the use of the chalk or marker board: Keep chalk, markers, erasers, cleaning cloths, rulers, and related items readily available to avoid interruption of the presentation, Organize and practice the chalk or marker board presentation in advance, Write or draw large enough for everyone in the group to see, Leave a margin around the material and sufficient space between lines of copy so the board is not overcrowded, Make only one point at a time. Here, the instructor develops the subject matter in a manner that helps the students achieve the desired learning outcomes. By using "how" and "why" follow-up questions, the instructor should be able to guide the discussion toward the objective of helping students understand the subject, When it appears the students have discussed the ideas that support this particular part of the lesson, the instructor should summarize what the students have accomplished using an interim summary. Lecturing is unquestionably the most economical of all teaching methods in terms of the time required to present a given amount of material, The lecture is particularly suitable for introducing a new subject and for explaining the necessary background information. As is the case with the technician, there are times when a less used tool is the exact tool needed for a particular situation. In addition, they also provide realistic details necessary for visual recognition of important subject material. The following information provides a framework for successfully conducting the guided discussion, A guided discussion lesson is introduced in the same manner as the lecture. Well-designed interactive video, when properly used, is highly effective as an instructional aid. Effective instructors also display enthusiasm for their subject matter and express themselves clearly. The tendency toward unnecessarily distracting artwork also should be avoided, Instructional aids should appeal to the student and be based on sound principles of instructional design. HOME; INTERIORS; EXTERIORS; OFFICE & PORTRAITS; PUBLICITY/EVENTS; CONSTRUCTION; INFO The primary consideration in the lecture method, as in all other teaching methods, is the achievement of desired learning outcomes. The equipment necessary and the instructor and student actions anticipated during the lesson have also been specified. Learning evolves as a result of the students interactions with the game, and these games usually promote the development of critical thinking skills, Not every aviation learning objective can be delivered via this teaching method, but it should prove to be a useful tool in the instructors tool box as the number and content of educational games increase, Cooperative or group learning organizes students into small groups who can work together to maximize their own and each others learning. As such, they serve as guides or resource experts and circulate among students who are working individually or in small groups. The goal might be a certificate of completion, graduation, or an academic degree. Since much of the new technology is based on computer technology, instructors with well-developed computer skills are in demand, Although the explosion of training technology offers new opportunities, instructors must remember their main teaching goals and be selectively receptive to new possibilities. Juni 2022; Beitrags-Kategorie: xrp fee calculator; Beitrags-Kommentare: . SBT is a powerful tool because the future is unpredictable and there is no way to train a pilot for every combination of events that may happen in the future, Should promote situational awareness and opportunities for decision-making, Collaboration (two or more people working together) to solve problems has been used throughout time. For this instructor, effective management of the classroom promotes learning. This is necessary to be certain a student is on track with the training syllabus. Research has shown that learning is an active processthe more involved students are in the process, the better they learn. Since the student must remove the position light, install a power supply, and also install the tail strobe light, he or she needs to make several decisions that effect the final weight and balance of the aircraft. However in the teaching lecture, the feedback is not nearly as obvious and is much harder to interpret. Sometimes, in the process of writing the objective, a difficulty is encountered. To teach the cognitive skills needed in making decisions and judgments effectively, an instructor should incorporate analysis, synthesis, and evaluation into lessons using PBL. research. As discussed in Chapter 1, Human Behavior, the average age of aviation students is 34 years old. Individual maintenance instructors, as well as publishers, have compiled lists of typical questions and projects. The following paragraph is an example of one such accident, "The private pilot was on a visual flight rules (VFR) crosscountry flight when he began encountering instrument conditions. In the second, the instructor observes the pilots' behavior during the simulation, gives feedback if necessary and evaluates their skills. Understanding these distinctions helps the instructor become a more skilled user of questions, The instructor often uses a question to open up an area for discussion. More information on enhanced training materials is presented in chapter 6, Traditional aids in this group include slides, filmstrips, and transparencies for overhead projection. It is used for study, training, or testing in place of the real object, which is too costly or too dangerous, or which is impossible to obtain. There is no guarantee that all of this information is current, or even accurate, It is important to prepare an organized plan of action, Most frequently used to least frequently used, Introducing students to new subject material, Showing relationships between theory and practice, and, No direct reaction from students but economical, Establish the objective and desired outcomes, Help jog memory and ensures important points are emphasized, Can supplement other teaching devices and methods, Students tend to interact and achieve in ways and at levels that are rarely found with other instructional strategies, Clear directions on what the student is going to do, All members of the group must accept the objectives as ones they have agreed to achieve, Tasks are structured so that students must depend upon one another for their group's success in completing and mastering the target objectives, Student must not feel penalized for being placed in a particular group, The focus of learning tasks must be aligned with the specific objectives, Each student and group should be provided the amount of time needed to learn the targeted information, Students must engage in interactive abilities as leadership, Each student must be formally and individually tested to determine mastery and retention, Only members of groups who meet established levels of achievement receive the rewards, Lead-off Question - opens up an area for discussion (how or why, not what or when), Follow-up Question - guides into discussion, Students should be encouraged to participate. The instructor must determine the method to be used in developing the subject matter. Poorly organized information is of little or no value to the student because it cannot be readily understood or remembered, An effective conclusion retraces the important elements of the lesson and relates them to the objective. The nature of the questions should be determined by the lesson objective and desired learning outcomes, Once the discussion is underway, the instructor should listen attentively to the ideas, experiences, and examples contributed by the students during the discussion. Generally, instructional aids that are relatively simple are best suited for this purpose, In addition to helping students remember important information, instructional aids have other advantages. To achieve desired learning outcomes through the lecture method, an instructor needs considerable skill in speaking, As indicated in chapter 2, a students rate of retention drops off significantly after the first 10-15 minutes of a lecture and improves at the end. Since aids are normally used in conjunction with a verbal presentation, words on the aid should be kept to a minimum. Participants in a class may be located on different continents, yet share the same teaching experience. An aviation instructor needs to remember he or she is teaching a pilot or technician who should: Develop and exercise good judgment in making decisions, Adhere to prudent operating practices and personal operating parameters, and, Adhere to applicable laws and regulations. Questions can be categorized by function and by characteristics. Charts, diagrams, and graphs are also in this category. This training method employs instructor-guided discussion with the instructor maintaining control of the discussion. It can be a stand-alone software program that takes a learner from lecture to exam or it can be an interactive web-based course of instruction that involves a mixture of mandatory class attendance with e-mail discussions and assignments. Another use of computers would allow students to review procedures at their own pace while the instructor is involved in hands-on training with other students. Facts and ideas that have been logically organized can be concisely presented in rapid sequence. All refer to the same thing, the behavior of the student, These objectives provide a way of stating what performance level is desired of a student before the student is allowed to progress to the next stage of instruction. This review and wrap-up of ideas reinforces student learning and improves the retention of what has been learned. The steps in Figure 4-6 form a guideline for lesson presentation. If possible, the instructor should have another knowledgeable person, preferably another instructor, observe the practice sessions and act as a critic. They can explore areas that interest them and discover more about a subject on their own. Unlike younger students, no law requires they attend school, they are paying for the training, and they expect the instructor to make wise use of their time, To manage time well, it is important that an instructor look at the time available and plan how to use the time to achieve the lesson goals. Successful instructors teach their students not only how, but also why and when. Normally, students should not be asked to discuss a subject without some background in that subject, The techniques used to guide a discussion require practice and experience. This might be someone saying, "But, what if ?" By being well prepared, an effective instructor presents and applies lesson material, and also periodically assesses how well the learner is learning. [Figure 4-5] The FAA frequently reviews the test items in an attempt to maintain their validity in the current aviation environment. Networking with and observing other instructors to learn new strategies is also helpful. Learning is best achieved if students participate actively in a friendly, relaxed atmosphere, Therefore, the use of the informal lecture is encouraged. Also, the instructor should avoid a long apologetic introduction, because it only serves to dampen the students interest in the lesson, Development is the main part of the lesson. Another example is dead reckoning, which forces pilots to be aware of there surroundings at all times. In this case, the instructor may have little control over their use. Material composed on a computer word processing and graphics program can also be printed onto transparencies, The equipment can be placed at the front of the room, allowing the instructor to maintain eye contact with students. HOTS should be taught throughout the curriculum from simple to complex and from concrete to abstract, Determine learning outcomes for the problem, Consider additional solutions through guided discovery, Reevaluate solution with additional options, Reflect on this solution and why it is the best solution, Consider what "best" means (is it situational), While there are many variations as to how a problem-based lesson might work, it usually involves an incentive or need to solve the problem, a decision on how to find a solution, a possible solution, an explanation for the reasons used to reach that solution, and then reflection on the solution. There are a number of professional development opportunities for aviation instructors, such as Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) seminars, industry conventions, professional organizations, and online classes. On the other hand, a student needs knowledge in order to build understanding of a subject, One last disadvantage of the lecture is that it does not foster attainment of certain types of learning outcome, such as motor skills, need to be perfected via hands-on practice. Other aids, which are usually more expensive, are projected materials, video, computerbased programs, and models, mock-ups, or cut-aways. For example, there are several types of lectures, such as the illustrated talk where the speaker relies heavily on visual aids to convey ideas to the listeners.
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